Ordinals = number + a (unua) Multiples + obl Fractions + on Collective + op
5. Personal Pronouns(Decline as for nouns)
I = mi you = vi he = li
she = ŝi it = ĝi we = ni
they = ili one = oni self = si
POSSESSIVES add "a" i.e., mine = mia
6. Verbs - - no change for PERSON or NUMBER
Present (being) = as Past (been) = is Future (going to be) = os Conditional = us Imperative = u Infinitive = i
Participles Active Present = ant Active Past = int Active Future = ont Passive Present = at Passive Past = it Passive Future = ot
PASSIVE uses "esti" (to be) & passive participle of verb. PREPOSITION is "de".
7. Adverbs end in "E"
Comparison as with adjectives.
8. Prepositionsfollowed by nominative case.
9. Every word is Pronounced as it is spelled.
10. Accent is always on the Nextto Last Syllable.
11. Words are formed by joining
roots, suffixes and endings, with the chiefof these coming last.
12. Negative - - omit "ne" if more than one negative in sentence.
13. To show Direction toward - - Nouns take accusative ending.
14. Each Preposition has definite and constant meaning but ..
use variable "JE" (which has no meaning) if sense doesn't indicate what it should be, such as for time and measurement (or instead of "JE" use accusative and no preposition).
15. International words can become Esperanto words
by conforming to Esperanto spelling and grammar, i.e., telefono = telephone.
16. Final Vowelof Nouns and Article
may be omitted and replaced with an apostrophe, as in poetry.